Research Article
Proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) with domoic acid toxicosis identifies proteins associated with neurodegeneration
Benjamin A. Neely,
Jennifer L. Soper, Frances M. D. Gulland,
P. Darwin Bell,
Mark Kindy,
John M. Arthur,
Michael G. Janech,
Benjamin A. Neely
Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
Search for more papers by this authorFrances M. D. Gulland
The Marine Mammal Center, Sausalito, CA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorP. Darwin Bell
Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
Search for more papers by this authorMark Kindy
Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
Department of Veterans’ Affairs, Research Service, Charleston, SC, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJohn M. Arthur
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Michael G. Janech
Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
Correspondence: Dr. Michael G. Janech, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, 829 CSB - Nephrology, MSC 623, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
E-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorBenjamin A. Neely,
Jennifer L. Soper, Frances M. D. Gulland,
P. Darwin Bell,
Mark Kindy,
John M. Arthur,
Michael G. Janech,
Benjamin A. Neely
Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
Search for more papers by this authorFrances M. D. Gulland
The Marine Mammal Center, Sausalito, CA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorP. Darwin Bell
Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
Search for more papers by this authorMark Kindy
Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
Department of Veterans’ Affairs, Research Service, Charleston, SC, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJohn M. Arthur
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Michael G. Janech
Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
Correspondence: Dr. Michael G. Janech, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, 829 CSB - Nephrology, MSC 623, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
E-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Proteomic studies including marine mammals are rare, largely due to the lack of fully sequenced genomes. This has hampered the application of these techniques toward biomarker discovery efforts for monitoring of health and disease in these animals. We conducted a pilot label-free LC-MS/MS study to profile and compare the cerebrospinal fluid from California sea lions with domoic acid toxicosis (DAT) and without DAT. Across 11 samples, a total of 206 proteins were identified (FDR<0.1) using a composite mammalian database. Several peptide identifications were validated using stable isotope labeled peptides. Comparison of spectral counts revealed seven proteins that were elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid from sea lions with DAT: complement C3, complement factor B, dickkopf-3, malate dehydrogenase 1, neuron cell adhesion molecule 1, gelsolin, and neuronal cell adhesion molecule. Immunoblot analysis found reelin to be depressed in the cerebrospinal fluid from California sea lions with DAT. Mice administered domoic acid also had lower hippocampal reelin protein levels suggesting that domoic acid depresses reelin similar to kainic acid. In summary, proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in marine mammals is a useful tool to characterize the underlying molecular pathology of neurodegenerative disease. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002105 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD002105).
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