Volume 3, Issue 5 p. 331-336
Correspondence case reports

Trafficking of drug candidates relevant for sports drug testing: Detection of non-approved therapeutics categorized as anabolic and gene doping agents in products distributed via the Internet

Mario Thevis

Corresponding Author

Mario Thevis

Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany

Institute of Biochemistry - Center for Preventive Doping Research,German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany.Search for more papers by this author
Hans Geyer

Hans Geyer

Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany

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Andreas Thomas

Andreas Thomas

Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany

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Wilhelm Schänzer

Wilhelm Schänzer

Center for Preventive Doping Research - Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany

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First published: 03 May 2011
Citations: 44

Abstract

Identifying the use of non-approved drugs by cheating athletes has been a great challenge for doping control laboratories. This is due to the additional complexities associated with identifying relatively unknown and uncharacterized compounds and their metabolites as opposed to known and well-studied therapeutics. In 2010, the prohibited drug candidates and gene doping substances AICAR and GW1516, together with the selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) MK-2866 were obtained by the Cologne Doping Control Laboratory from Internet suppliers and their structure, quantity, and formulation elucidated. All three compounds proved authentic as determined by liquid chromatography—high resolution/high accuracy (tandem) mass spectrometry and comparison to reference material. While AICAR was provided as a colourless powder in 100 mg aliquots, GW1516 was obtained as an orange/yellow suspension in water/glycerol (150 mg/ml), and MK-2866 (25 mg/ml) was shipped dissolved in polyethylene glycol (PEG) 300. In all cases, the quantified amounts were considerably lower than indicated on the label. The substances were delivered via courier, with packaging identifying them as containing ‘amino acids’ and ‘green tea extract’, arguably to circumvent customs control. Although all of the substances were declared ‘for research only’, their potential misuse in illicit performance-enhancement cannot be excluded; moreover sports drug testing authorities should be aware of the facile availability of black market copies of these drug candidates. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.