REVIEW ARTICLE
Emerging mycotoxins and reproductive effects in animals: A short review
Ilaria Chiminelli,
Leon J. Spicer,
Excel R. S. Maylem,
Francesca Caloni,
Ilaria Chiminelli
Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Leon J. Spicer
Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
Correspondence
Leon J. Spicer, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorExcel R. S. Maylem
Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
Search for more papers by this authorFrancesca Caloni
Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorIlaria Chiminelli,
Leon J. Spicer,
Excel R. S. Maylem,
Francesca Caloni,
Ilaria Chiminelli
Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Leon J. Spicer
Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
Correspondence
Leon J. Spicer, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorExcel R. S. Maylem
Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
Search for more papers by this authorFrancesca Caloni
Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Emerging Fusarium mycotoxins beauvericin (BEA), enniatins (ENNs), and moniliformin (MON) are gaining increasing interest due to their wide presence especially in cereals and grain-based products. In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that Fusarium mycotoxins can be implicated in reproductive disorders in animals. Of these mycotoxins, BEA may affect reproductive functions, impairing the development of oocytes in pigs and sheep. Studies show dramatic inhibitory effects of BEA and ENNA on bovine granulosa cell steroidogenesis. ENNs also inhibit boar sperm motility and cause detrimental effects on embryos in mice and pigs. Although little data are reported on reproductive effects of MON, in vitro studies show inhibitory effects of MON on Chinese hamster ovary cells. The present review aims to summarize the reproductive toxicological effects of emerging Fusarium mycotoxins BEA, ENNs, and MON on embryo development, ovarian function, and testicular function of animals. In vitro and in vivo toxicological data are reported although additional studies are needed for proper risk assessment.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors did not report any conflict of interest.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Data sharing are not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.
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