Covalent anionic copolymer coatings with tunable electroosmotic flow for optimization of capillary electrophoretic separations
Veronika Šolínová
Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
Search for more papers by this authorPetr Tůma
Department of Hygiene, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 10, Czech Republic
Search for more papers by this authorMaria Butnariu
Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
Search for more papers by this authorVáclav Kašička
Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Dušan Koval
Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
Correspondence
Dušan Koval, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorVeronika Šolínová
Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
Search for more papers by this authorPetr Tůma
Department of Hygiene, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 10, Czech Republic
Search for more papers by this authorMaria Butnariu
Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
Search for more papers by this authorVáclav Kašička
Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Dušan Koval
Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, Czech Republic
Correspondence
Dušan Koval, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorColor online: See the article online to view Figures 2–5 in color.
Abstract
We present a method for finely adjustable electroosmotic flow (EOF) velocity in cathodic direction for the optimization of separations in capillary electrophoresis. To this end, we use surface modification of the separation fused silica capillary by the covalently attached copolymer of acrylamide (AM) and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate (AMPS), that is, poly(AM-co-AMPS) or PAMAMPS. Coatings were formed by the in-capillary polymerization of a mixture of the neutral AM and anionic AMPS monomers premixed in various ratios in order to control the charge density of the copolymer. EOF mobility varies in the 0 to ∼40 × 10−9 m2 V−1 s−1 interval for PAMAMPS coatings ranging from 0 to 60 mol.% of charged AMPS monomer. For EOF in PAMAMPS-treated capillaries, we observed (i) a negligible dependence on pH in the 2–10 interval, (ii) a minor variance among background electrolytes (BGEs) in function of their components and (iii) its standard decrease with increasing ionic strength of the BGE. Interest in variable cathodic EOF was demonstrated by the amelioration of separation of two kinds of isomeric anionic analytes, that is, monosaccharides phosphates and helquat enantiomers, in counter-EOF mode.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared no conflict of interest.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The data that support the findings of this study is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Supporting Information
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