On-line preconcentration of weak electrolytes by electrokinetic accumulation in CE: Experiment and simulation
Jana Horáková
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Palacký University, Třída Svobody, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Zentiva, U Kabelovny, Prague, Czech Republic
Search for more papers by this authorJan Petr
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Palacký University, Třída Svobody, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Search for more papers by this authorVítězslav Maier
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Palacký University, Třída Svobody, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Search for more papers by this authorEva Tesařová
Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
Search for more papers by this authorLibor Veis
Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
Search for more papers by this authorDaniel W. Armstrong
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
Search for more papers by this authorBohuslav Gaš
Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Juraj Ševčík Professor
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Palacký University, Třída Svobody, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Palacký University, Třída Svobody 8, CZ-77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic Fax: +420-585–634-433===Search for more papers by this authorJana Horáková
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Palacký University, Třída Svobody, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Zentiva, U Kabelovny, Prague, Czech Republic
Search for more papers by this authorJan Petr
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Palacký University, Třída Svobody, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Search for more papers by this authorVítězslav Maier
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Palacký University, Třída Svobody, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Search for more papers by this authorEva Tesařová
Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
Search for more papers by this authorLibor Veis
Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
Search for more papers by this authorDaniel W. Armstrong
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
Search for more papers by this authorBohuslav Gaš
Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Juraj Ševčík Professor
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Palacký University, Třída Svobody, Olomouc, Czech Republic
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Palacký University, Třída Svobody 8, CZ-77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic Fax: +420-585–634-433===Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
A new on-line preconcentration technique was developed that makes possible to determine nanomolar concentrations of weak acidic analytes in CE. The method consists of long-running electrokinetic sample injection and stacking (electrokinetic immobilization) of the analytes at a boundary of two electrolytes with different pH values (pH 9.5 and 2.5) and consequent mobilization of the stacked uncharged analytes in a micellar system (containing SDS micelles). Several factors including buffer concentration, pH, applied voltage, time of preconcentration, and SDS concentration were tested to optimize the analysis method. An about 4600-fold increase of the sample concentration (in comparison with the standard CZE) can be achieved during the preconcentration step. Two preservatives applied in food industry – benzoic acid and sorbic acid were used as model samples. The applicability of the proposed method in food analysis was demonstrated by determination of nanomolar concentrations of benzoic acid in sunflower oil. An extended version of the computer program Simul was used for modeling both the preconcentration and mobilization processes taking place in the capillary.
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